From Fernando de Noronha website:

The fear that the area outside the National Marine Reserve, which was established few days before the archipelago was reintegrated to the State of Pernambuco, could be submitted to bigger damages and the wish to develop studies aiming the rational use of this area, led to the establishment of the Environmental Protected Area - EPA by the State Decree no. 13.555/89 in April 7, 1989. This decree stipulated that the area should be used as a residential space, as a space for multiple activities and as a special preservation zone.